Pailin (���������Pie-lin���������) ���������Pai��������� Chiaranunt completed her PhD in Immunology from the University of Toronto. She is currently a Schmidt Science Fellow in the labs of Drs. Anna Molofsky and Ari Molofsky. Pailin���������s current research focuses on how respiratory inflammation can lead to long-lasting changes in brain function and behavior, as commonly observed in post-acute infection syndromes. Outside the lab, Pailin is passionate about science outreach and advocacy. She spearheaded multiple initiatives to promote DEI in STEM and to enhance graduate training programs during her time at the University of Toronto. As an ImmunoX Postdoc Ambassado

The Cho Lab is focused on understanding the rules of engagement bettheyen cancer and the immune system. They aim to leverage fundamental, mechanistic discoveries to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Despite recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapeutics, there remains a significant knowledge gap particularly with respect to how interactions bettheyen cancer cells and immune cells determine treatment response vs. resistance. Their work using novel mouse and human models combined with high parameter immune profiling reveal critical molecular and cellular circuits responsible for resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiation therapy, including a surprising role for T cells in exacerbating immune-suppressive inflammation engaging immune and malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. They aim to leverage expertise in molecular engineering and high parameter, single-cell profiling to understand key interactions at the tumor-immune interface to improve and innovate immune-based cancer therapy.

The Combes Lab has a historical focus on immunology and cell biology, specifically in elucidating mechanisms of immune pathogenesis. Previous research involved the study of cellular processes that control the immune cell biology, which led to the discovery of the immune checkpoint mechanism exploited by breast tumor to inhibit dendritic cells activity and escape the immune response. Later research focused on immune monitoring and high-dimensional single cell technologies to show the existence of archetypal organization of immune systems in tumors. Currently, they use a system immunology approach both on animal models and clinical samples to discover and dissect recurring patterns of the immune system in health and disease. Their work to dissect the different immune archetypes in different context will guide the development of relevant precision therapies that are aimed at adjusting the relative strengths of these archetypes depending on the disease. Moreover, their group is also supporting the broader UCSF research community by providing immune profiling expertise through the Disease-to-Biology CoLab, a collaboration-based research lab that focuses on profiling the immune system in various sets of tissues and organisms.

The Crouch Lab recently published an article in Nature Neuroscience in collaboration with Eric Huang’s lab at UCSF. This manuscript describes how microglia-vascular interactions are critical to normal brain development and how a novel neutrophil population may damage the vasculature in germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) in preterm infants. Specifically, they shotheyd that macrophages/microglia age-dependently interact with nascent vasculature in prenatal brain in mice and human. Using single-cell transcriptomics and high-dimensional cytometry, they identified distinct subsets of CD45+ cells that employ diverse signaling mechanisms to promote vascular network formation in the germinal matrix, which is also called the ganglionic eminence (GE). In contrast, CD45+ cells from preterm infants with GMH harbor activated neutrophils and monocytes that produce bactericidal factors AZU1 and ELANE and chemokine CXCL16 capable of disrupting vascular integrity in human microfluidic models and causing hemorrhage in the GE in embryonic mice. In sum, the role of the vasculature in regulating immune interactions with brain is not theyll understood.

The Cyster Lab’s projects mostly focus on cell migration, antibody responses, lymphoid organ biology, mucosal immunology, intercellular communication, and intravital microscopy. Major goals include: 1) decipher the guidance cue code controlling leukocyte migration and interactions during immune responses; 2) characterize selection events required for induction of high affinity antibodies; 3) define the dynamics of antigen encounter and immune responses at epithelial surfaces. As theyll as theyt-bench researchers, they are seeking individuals with computational biology training who are interested in the interface of computational biology and immunology for projects involving analysis of large datasets (including single cell RNAseq data and 4-dimensional datasets of cell dynamics in tissues).

The DeFranco lab studies receptor signaling in immune cells with a focus on the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In a longstanding collaboration with Clifford Lotheyll (UCSF), they have also studied the role of the Src-family kinase Lyn in inhibitory receptor signaling in B cells and the autoimmune disease that develops in Lyn-deficient mice. To study the in vivo function of TLRs in mice, they made a conditional (Cre/loxP) allele of the TLR signaling component MyD88 and have used this tool to characterize the role of MyD88 in dendritic cells and B cells for innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent years, they have discovered that BCR and TLR signaling reactions synergize to promote the germinal center response.

The Debnath Lab focuses on the role of autophagy in cancer progression. As part of this, we analyze the effects of both tumor cell autophagy and stromal autophagy on immune regulation in cancer progression using mammary cancer (PyMT) and pancreatic neuroendocrine models (RT2-PNET). We also work on fundamentals of the autophagy pathway and they have discovered new rolls for autophagy in cargo loading into exosomes. These findings provide new perspectives into the non-cell autonomous roles of the autophagy pathway in disease pathology. Both projects include active collaborations to dissect the role of the immune system downstream of autophagy-dependent exosome pathways.

The Bondy-Denomy Lab studies bacterial anti-phage “immune systems” (e.g. CRISPR-Cas, restriction-modification systems, CBASS, Gabija, Thoeris, and others). They are focused on basic immunological questions such as how the pathogen (phage) is detected, how it is stopped, how the host knows self from non-self and how phages inhibit and evade these systems. For many years, the lab has exploited clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes, which have numerous functional and diverse immune systems. Their group at UCSF has been a leader in the discovery and mechanistic characterization of the bacteriophage response to anti-phage immune systems, which has revealed new paradigms. Most recently, they have discovered families of anti-CBASS and anti-TIR proteins that function by broadly 'sponging' signaling molecules to prevent immunity. This mechanism has not been observed previously in studied of eukaryotic immune systems and suggests that mammalian viruses may use similar approaches.

The Deuse Lab aims to define and understand the different facets of this immune barrier as such we were the first to describe the antigenicity of mitochondria in somatic cell nucleus transfer (SCNT)-derived embryonic stem cells. We have further presented our concept of engineered, hypoantigenic PSCs as a strategy to circumvent immune rejection of incompatible cell grafts. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which include both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are defined by their self-renewal and pluripotent potential, which makes them excellent candidates for regenerative therapies. However, despite their seemingly unlimited ability for growth and differentiation, immunological problems are among the hurdles currently preventing broader use of PSCs for translational therapeutic purposes.

The Dumesic Lab studies mammalian energy metabolism, with a particular interest in how gene regulation gives rise to specialized cellular metabolic programs important for the proper use of chemical energy--whether storage (as in fat), utilization for physical work (as in muscle), or dissipation for heat production (as in thermogenic fat). The lab has a particular interest in chronic metabolic diseases marked by improper energy shepherding, such as obesity, diabetes, and cachexia. Their recent work on obesity found that the dominant regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in fat cells (the transcriptional coactivator PGC1a) plays an unexpected role in suppressing cytoplasmic mtDNA accumulation and resulting cGAS-STING activation. This connection bettheyen oxidative metabolism and innate immune signaling helps explain why obesity-associated impairment of adipocyte oxidative metabolism leads to activation of a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic program by which adipocytes communicate to immune cells in adipose tissue.

The Engel Lab is interested in the complex interplay bettheyen bacterial pathogens and host cells. In particular, they study two important human pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their strengths include using multidisciplinary approaches to these studies—allowing the pathogen to be their tutor. They have utilized bacterial genetics and genetic screens, molecular biology, cellular microbiology, host cell biology with advanced immunofluorescence microscopy, genome-wide RNAi screens, bioinformatics, and proteomics to rigorously understand the mechanisms by which they subvert host cell functions to cause disease. Their current studies focus on the dissection of the Chp/Vfr/ regulatory pathway that regulates diverse virulence factor circuits in P. aeruginosa in determining the bacterial and host determinants involved in the formation of biofilms and spatially localized activation of the innate immune response at the apical surface of tissues.

The Erle Lab's primary research goal is a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying airway epithelial dysfunction in asthma. They study the mechanisms of gene regulation in the airway epithelium and determine the contributions of specific gene expression changes to changes in airway epithelial function. They use a variety of approaches from cell and molecular biology, genomics, and computational biology. They have adapted potheyrful new methods, including single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), ChIP-seq, and CRISPR, for use with HBE cells as theyll as with cells obtained directly from individuals with asthma. The lab collaborates extensively with experts in asthma clinical studies, genetics and genomics, and computational biology.